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Anthropology Paper-1 MCQs

  1. What is Inbreeding? A) Inbreeding involves the mating of closely related animals of the different species, within the same breed, for successive generations B) Inbreeding involves the mating of closely related animals of the same species, within the same breed, for successive generations C) Inbreeding involves the mating of remotely related animals of the same species, within the same breed, for successive generations D) Inbreeding involves the mating of closely related animals of the same species, within the different breed, for successive generations ANSWER = ( B ) Types 2nd options Explain :- inbreeding Inbreeding involves the mating of closely related animals of the same species, within the same breed, for successive generations. Individuals having one or more common ancestors are considered to be biologically related. The inbreeding system involves the identification and selection of superior males and superior females, preferably from ...
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Doctrine of Laches

  The doctrine of laches is applied by the judiciary to check if the case was brought in front of the court in a reasonable time or not. Laches literally means delay. According to Black’s Law Dictionary, the doctrine is based on the maxim that “equity aids the vigilant and not those who slumber on their rights.” Therefore one can claim their legal right in reasonable time and not after a long delay. Concept of Doctrine of Laches This doctrine means that if a prolonged delay in asserting a legal right or claim has harmed the opposing party, the right or claim will not be upheld or permitted. Anyone seeking redress must appear in court within a fair time frame. However, the question is whether fundamental rights can be denied under Article 32 due to a delay. Fundamental rights cannot be withheld just due to inaction, as this is unjustifiable. It is vital for one's personal development. Supreme Court Judgements in which doctrine of laches is used Ravindra Jain vs UOI The supreme court...
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Doctrine of Territorial Nexus

  The doctrine of territorial nexus is used by the judiciary to check if a territorial nexus can be established between the law and jurisdiction of the law-making body. Failure of which the law fails the doctrine of territorial nexus and can be declared invalid. In simpler words, any law-making body can legislate on matters outside their territorial jurisdiction only if it establishes a territorial nexus. Concept of Doctrine of Territorial Nexus Article 245 of the Indian constitution mentions that Parliament has the authority to enact laws for extraterritorial operations as well as legislation for the entire country or any part of it. The state legislature has the authority to enact laws that apply to the entire state or just a portion of it. Thus both the Union as well as the states have their own territorial jurisdictions. Article 246 of the Indian constitution mentions that Parliament has the exclusive authority to enact legislation on the topics listed in the union list (list I...
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Doctrine of Severability

  The idea of severability is also known as the separability doctrine. The doctrine of severability states that where a specific component of legislation violates a constitutional limitation but is severable or separable from the remainder of the statute, the Court will declare only that offending provision unconstitutional, not the entire statute. Doctrine of Severability When only a piece of a challenged statute or law violates fundamental rights, and in such cases, the Doctrine of Severability is used. Article 13  of the Constitution establishes the Doctrine of Severability’s legitimacy, which states that “All laws in force in India, before the commencement of the Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of fundamental rights shall to the extent of that inconsistency be void.” The Doctrine of Severability, which is an extension of Article 13, asserts that where a certain section of legislation infringes or breaches fundamental rights but is sever...
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Doctrine of Colourable Legislation

  The doctrine of colourable legislation checks if the legislature has transgressed its power mentioned in the constitution. The expression “Colourable Legislation” means “what can’t be done directly, can’t be done indirectly as well”. In this article, we will discuss what is the doctrine of colourable legislation and the famous Supreme Court Judgements in which this doctrine is used to check the validity of the law. Concept Concept of Doctrine of Colourable Legislation Separation of powers entails the division or sharing of power. The Constitution states that each of these organs should exercise diverse powers in order to prevent the misuse of authority by any of the government's organs. As a result, a system of checks and balances emerges. With respect to their respective subjects, the Constitution has split powers between the federal government and the states. However, the legislative body occasionally passes laws that are outside of its purview. This signifies it has oversteppe...
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Doctrine of Eclipse

  Doctrine of Eclipse  states that any law that is incompatible with fundamental rights is not invalid. It isn't completely dead, but it has been  overshadowed by the fundamental right . According to the Doctrine of Eclipse, any law that is incompatible with fundamental rights is not invalid. Concept of Doctrine of Eclipse Any law that is incompatible with fundamental rights is not invalid, according to the  Doctrine of Eclipse . It isn't completely dead, but it has been eclipsed by the fundamental right. "All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, i.e.  Part III , shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void," states  Article 13(1)  of the Constitution, which is part of the fundamental rights. The eclipse doctrine considers  fundamental rights  to be prospective in nature. It states that a  pre-constituti...
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Doctrine of Pith and Substance

  The doctrine of Pith and Substance is applied when one legislature's law is contested or trespassed upon by other legislatures. This theory states that while assessing whether a certain law applies to a specific subject, the court looks at the substance of the matter. For instance, if a state’s law falls in the domain of the Union list of Schedule, the court uses the doctrine of Pith and Substance to check the validity of the law. In this article, we will discuss what is the doctrine of Pith and Substance and the famous Supreme Court Judgements in which this doctrine is used to check the validity of the law. Concept Of Doctrine Of Pith And Substance The doctrine of pith and substance is a legal doctrine that first emerged in the Canadian constitution. When there is a dispute between two or more topic issues from different lists, this occurs. In some cases, the topic content of list 1 may conflict with the subject matter of list 2. As a result, this doctrine is used in this case. ...
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